SARS-CoV-2, tus kabmob coronavirus ua rau tus kabmob NKAUS-19, tuaj yeem muab pov tseg los ntawm lub teeb ci ntsa iab, lossis UV, raws li tau hais tsis ntev los no. Tab sis nws tsis yooj yim dua li tsuas yog tawm hauv lub hnub lossis dhau koj txhais tes hauv ib lub blacklight.
Koj yuav tau tos xya hnub kom tshav ntuj los ua nws cov haujlwm ntawm daim npog ntsej muag uas tau siv, piv txwv li, raws li Jim Malley, tus kws tshaj lij ib puag ncig ntawm University of New Hampshire.
Txog sijhawm ntawd, tus kabmob twb tau tua tus kheej tas lawm. SARS-CoV-2 tsis tuaj yeem zam cov kev mob sab nraud ntawm lub cev thiab withers sai sai. Hauv kev sim sim, nws kav ntev li peb hnub ntawm cov yas, ob hnub ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb thiab ib hnub nyob ntawm cardboard [i].
Peb tuaj yeem tsim nyog ncaj qha tshav ntuj yuav leeb nws rhuav tshem. SARS-CoV, tus ua ntej ntawm peb tus kab mob coronavirus pandemic tam sim no, raug mob hauv qab lub hnub ci. Kev tshawb nrhiav xyoo 2013 tau suav tias nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev li 1.3 mus rau ob teev nyob rau thaum nruab hnub hnub ci hauv Washington, DC, lossis New York City thaum lub caij ntuj sov caij nyoog los ua rau cov kab mob coronavirus feem ntau ntawm lub hnab looj tes - txawm hais tias cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis muaj kabmob.
Lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm cov yoj UV ntawm UV, qhov ntau dua nws yog los tiv thaiv cov vuam txwv. Hnub ci, feem ntau nyob hauv UV-A ntau yam, tsis tuaj yeem piv rau UV-C, uas tau ua pov thawj ua tiav rau txhua yam kab mob uas nws xa mus rau kev tua kab mob UV. Germicidal UV tau raug coj los tu tsev kho mob thaj chaw thiab cov cuab yeej kho mob. Raws li kev tshawb fawb 2005, nws ua haujlwm zoo tshwj xeeb rau tus kabmob coronaviruses.
Yog li, vim li cas nws thiaj tsis tuaj yeem pab tib neeg tawm tsam lub COVID-19? Rau ib qho, cov huab cua thaiv 100 feem pua ntawm UV-C hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub yog li tsis muaj ib qho ntawm nws yuav tsis ua rau SARS-CoV-2 nyob rau hauv huab cua, ntawm koj cov tawv nqaij lossis lwm qhov chaw. UV-C kuj yuav tsum tau tsim cov roj tshwj xeeb.
Kev siv UV-C ncaj qha rau lossis rau tib neeg yog teebmeem.
Xa cov kev lag luam UV tawm ntawm peb tus kheej "yuav yog cov neeg kib," hais tias Dan Arnold, tus muag khoom thiab kev lag luam tus thawj tswj hwm rau UV Light Technology hauv Birmingham, UK, hauv BBC tsab xov xwm. UV-C tsis tsuas yog rhuav tshem cov kab mob los ntawm scrambling lawv cov genomes, tab sis nws kuj tseem muaj kev txaus ntshai rau txhua yam muaj sia nyob. Arnold yuav tsum tsis pom zoo rau cov thawj coj hauv lub tsev muag khoom los ntawm kev teeb tsa nws lub tuam txhab cov khoom ntawm kev nkag ntawm lawv lub khw muag khoom.
Cov ABCs ntawm UV
Hauv qhov pom ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub, UV txheej khiab nyob ntawm 400nm rau 10nm ntau. (Cov duab saib ntawm ESA / AOES Medialab.)
UV hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov pom pom thiab xoo hluav taws xob tau txuas ntxiv yog UV-A, UV-B thiab UV-C.
UV tau tshawb pom hauv 1801 los ntawm German kws kho lub cev Johann Wilhelm Ritter.
Cov dej taws hauv UV yog txhais los ntawm Asmeskas Navy raws li hauv qab no:
UV-A, 315-400nm wavelength, yog qhov tsawg kawg yog kev phom sij. Ntawm ntug ntawm qhov pom tau pom, nws lub teeb xiav lub suab tau nrov mus ua lub teeb dub. Koj tau pom lub cev tsis muaj kua fluoresce nyob rau hauv UV-A hauv kev ua txhaum cai - cia siab tsuas yog hauv TV thiab tsos. Kab thiab noog tuaj yeem pom UV-A. Hawks yuav taug txoj kev UV tawm ntawm cov zis tawm ncaj qha mus rau ib tug nas. Lo ntsiab muag hauv tib neeg lub qhov muag thaiv UV los ntawm qhov retina tsuas yog muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj aphakia, qhov xwm txheej uas lo ntsiab muag ploj lossis tshem tawm. Tom qab tus kws tshoov siab Claude Monet tau muab nws lo ntsiab muag tshem tawm nrog phais mob cataract, nws qhov chaw tau rais los ua ntsej muag daj. Cov kws soj ntsuam Aphakic tau raug xaiv los ntawm Asmeskas tub rog lub sijhawm WWII txhawm rau tshawb txog UV teeb liab ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv German U-nkoj [ii].
UV-B, 280-315nm wavelength, yog cov ntau dua rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb, ua rau lub melanin ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau lub hlwb cov khoom siv keeb. DNA cuam tshuam ntau tshaj plaws, tab sis yog li RNA, cov khoom siv caj ces hauv coronaviruses. 95 feem pua ntawm UV-B thaiv los ntawm nws lub txheej.
UV-C, 180-280nm wavelength, yog paub thiab lees ua kab mob, tab sis, ntawm kev hais lus, tej zaum nws yuav tsis ua rau cov kab mob muaj ntau npaum li rhuav tshem nws cov khoom siv caj ces thiab, yog li ntawd, nws lub peev xwm los theej. UV-C kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces yog qhov tsis sib xws. Nws tsis quav ntsej yog tias lub hlwb muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj, cov poov xab, kab mob, kab mob lossis tib neeg. Peb cov huab cua thaiv txhua lub hnub UV-C los ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
UV siab, 10-180nm, qee zaum hu ua nqus UV rau nws qhov tsis muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm tshwj tsis yog hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev.
Kev caij tsheb npav raug kho UV-C hauv nroog Shanghai, Suav. Siv 210 lub raj xa hluav taws xob UV-C hluav taws xob, ob sab hauv thiab sab nraum lub npav, Yanggao hais tias tau coj cov txheej txheem 40 feeb kom tsis muaj menyuam mus txog tsib feeb, uas ua rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm 250 tsheb npav ib hnub. (Duab courtesy of YouTube.)
UV tua kabmob ntau npaum li cas?
Txheej txheem, kab mob tua tsis tau "tua" vim lawv tsis muaj sia nyob hauv kev paub lom ntawm lo lus. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem ua kom tsis tuaj yeem ua dua tshiab thaum siv UV hluav taws xob. Cov duab hluav taws xob UV, UV-C tshwj xeeb, yog nqus los ntawm DNA thiab RNA, hloov nws cov qauv. Tus kab mob no tseem tuaj yeem txav mus los, nrhiav tus tswv tsev, tab sis nws cov khoom siv caj ces muaj siab. Nws tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua. Kev ua si dhau.
Raws li qhov muaj zog ntawm hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, tau txais ntxiv los ntawm qhov pom kev pom kom txog thaum nws mus txog qhov kev faib tawm tom ntej ntawm kev xoo hluav taws xob (xoo hluav taws xob), nws tau txais ntau qhov ua kom tuag.
E = h · ƒ
Qhov twg E=zog hauv Joules, lossis J
Thiab h=6.626 × 10-34 J · s, lossis Planck' s tas li
Thaum cov nyhuv ntawm UV rau lub cev ntawm lub atomic theem tsis paub lossis pom, nws yog kev tso cai tias raws li qhov ntau zaus ntawm lub teeb nce ntxiv, nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm tes, molecules thiab atoms - txhua txoj hauv rau subatomic hais. Nrog rau cov nplaim hluav taws xob txaus, lawv tawg tawm ntawm txoj hlua khi uas tuav lawv ua ke. X-rays thiab gamma rays yog hu ua ionizing hluav taws xob rau lawv lub peev xwm los rhuav tshem cov ions zoo (alpha lwj, ib qho proton thiab neutron) lossis cov ions tsis zoo (electrons thiab neutrons).
George Chabot, PhD., tus kws tshaj lij ntawm UMass Lowell, hais tias "UV-C tawg yog txaus lub zog txaus uas ib tug neeg photons tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo tshuaj lom neeg thiab ua rau qee lub zog ntawm cov atoms thiab cov lwg me me." "Lub zog xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm lub zog photons los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ob qho tib si organic thiab inorganic, yog pom thoob plaws hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm microwaves los ntawm infrared thiab pom lub teeb, ultraviolet, X-rays thiab gamma rays."
Qhov ntsuas zaus dhau ntawm UV tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua rau DNA thiab RNA. Tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 muaj coils ntawm RNA hauv nws cov nucleus, uas nws txhaj rau hauv lub xovtooj ntawm tes kom coj mus rau ntawm tes, ua rau muaj cov saw uas ua rau muaj tus mob.
UV-C yog nqus los ntawm RNA nyob rau hauv tus kabmob coronavirus thiab ua rau cov lwg me me hauv RNA kho lawv tus kheej mus rau dimers (los ntawm "di" lub ntsiab lus ob, thiab "mer" los ntawm seem), uas ua rau RNA uas yuav tsis khub thiab, yog li ntawd, yuav tsis cia tus kab mob replicate. UV-B hluav taws xob kuj tseem yuav ua rau dimers, tab sis nws yog 20 txog 100 zaus tsis zoo dua li UV-C, raws li kev tshawb pom xyoo 2004 ntawm kev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm tus mob Coronavirus. UV-A muaj zog dhau los ntawm DNA thiab RNA thiab tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua cov dimers.
UV Puas Siv Tau Kev Kho Mob Rau Cov Neeg Mob Hla-19?
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev kho COVID-19 nrog UV tuaj yeem los ntawm UV-A kev kho teeb pom kev zoo siv rau cov tawv nqaij mob, suav nrog eczema, psoriasis, vitiligo thiab T-cell lymphoma, ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav. Kev kho mob UV ci rov qab mus rau thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th. Tus kws kho mob hauv tebchaws Danish Niels Ryberg Finsen yeej qhov khoom plig ntawm Nobel xyoo 1903 rau kev kho qhov muag siv los tua cov leeg nqaij.
Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom tias deb UV-C (ntu ntev li 220 txog 225), tej zaum yuav ua rau tib neeg cov nqaij tsis zoo, tab sis cov kev tshawb fawb no tseem nyob ntawm nas. Qhov tshwm sim rau tib neeg tsis paub, yog li Malley yog ib feem ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm cov kws paub kho mob uas tsis pom zoo nws ua kev khomob rau COVID-19.
Nrog rau cov pej xeem tantalized los ntawm tus kab mob khaub thuas tua neeg, Koom Haum International Ultraviolet (IUVA) tau xav kom muab qhov lus ceeb toom no:
"Peb xav qhia rau cov pej xeem tias tsis muaj kev cai los tawm tswv yim lossis kev tso cai rau kev siv hluav taws xob UV ncaj qha rau tib neeg lub cev ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab nthuav tawm ua pov thawj kom tua tau cov kab mob xws li SARS-CoV-2. UV teeb nyob hauv cov xwm txheej uas paub tua cov kab mob zoo li no tseem paub tias yuav ua rau daim tawv nqaij kub heev, mob nqaij daim tawv, thiab puas qhov muag. Peb pom zoo tias txhua tus neeg siv UV teeb ci rau cov khoom siv kho mob, chaw, lossis huab cua nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm COVID-19, cov ntawv thov raug txhawb los ntawm cov pov thawj tshawb fawb ntawm lub suab, ua raws txhua qhov kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab zam kom tsis txhob raug lub cev ncaj qha. UV teeb. "
Dab tsi Hais Txog Kev Siv thiab Kev Kho Mob Siv UV-C?
Ntau ntawm UV-C hluav taws xob, ntawm 254 thiab 270nm, tau pom daim ntawv thov ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob, siv tau tawm tsam txhua yam kab mob, zoo li H5N1, swine flu thiab SARS ntxiv rau “superbugs,” ua cov chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj, kab mob thiab cov kab mob hu ua fungi, xws li CRE, C. diff, MRSA tau paub txog.
"UV teeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev tua kab mob UV lossis deb UV-C, tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tua kab mob, cov kab mob thiab lwm tus tib neeg cov kab mob thiab yog tias tsim thiab ua haujlwm zoo tuaj yeem ua daim ntawv thov ua kom zoo rau kev tua kab PPEs, kev phais mob, huab cua thiab dej," hais tias Jim Malley, tus xibfwb ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig thiab ib puag ncig ntawm University of New Hampshire, tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm xov xwm.
UV-C tau siv los ntxuav cov dej, lub tshuab huab cua thiab cov nplaim dej rau ntau pua xyoo, thiab nws cov hauj lwm zoo yog txhawb los ntawm kaum xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb, raws li IUVA. Qhov uas UV tau yuav tsum tau ua kom qhov kev ua cov kab mob sib txawv txawv, tsis muaj cov kab mob paub uas yuav muaj sia nyob nws. Nws tsis tu ncua thiab feem ntau ua kom huv huab cua, dej thiab thaj chaw tiv thaiv cov kab mob, kab mob, fungi thiab protozoa.
Lub Tebchaws Denmark's UVD Robots thov kom tshem tawm 99.99 feem pua ntawm txhua tus kabmob kis los ntawm chav tsev huab cua thiab chaw thiab tau yuav los ntawm tsev kho mob hauv Suav teb. Nws suav nrog kev tiv thaiv ua ntej kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj cov neeg mob nyob hauv chav.
Txawm li cas los xij, UV-C tsis tuaj yeem tso tshuaj rau qhov chaw uas tsis tuaj yeem pom "pom," yog li nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsuas yog siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha thiab tsom iav. Cov kab mob hauv cov kab nrib pleb, cov ntaub ntawm cov ntaub, cov quav ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw, tom qab rooj tog, hauv qab siv ntaub pua plag, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Yog li, ua kom tiav kom tsis muaj menyuam yuav tsum muaj, ntxiv rau UV-C, so so nrog kev siv tshuaj ntxuav los yog ntxuav nrog xab npum lossis tshuaj ntxuav.
Vim li cas UV thiaj li nyuaj ua rau tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag?
UV-A thiab UV-B hluav taws xob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua rau hnub ci. UV-C hluav taws xob, uas ntau ntau lub zog, yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua, tshav kub sai. Hmoov tsis zoo, 100 feem pua ntawm nws yog thaiv los ntawm cov huab cua. Qhov suntan yog melanin uas sau cov tawv nqaij vim qhov tawm tsam UV-A thiab UV-B. Melanin nqus cov hluav taws xob thiab ploj zuj zus thaum tshav kub. Cov tawv nqaij tsaus nti yog, ntau dua melanin tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm daim tawv nqaij tsuas yog muaj SPF (tiv thaiv hnub tiv thaiv) ntawm 13.4 [iii], yog li, cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub tseem pom zoo.
Kev raug txuas ntxiv ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob, nrog rau melanoma uas tshwm sim thaum lub hlwb melanin (melanocytes) loj tuaj ntawm kev tswj hwm, thiab lwm yam mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Professor Malley hais tias "Peb tab tom tham txog lub teeb yoj ntawm lub teeb yoj qis uas muaj ntau lub zog, thiab lub zog ntawd tau pom nyob hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb kom ua rau tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg ntau, tshwj xeeb, tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag,".
Ob lub qhov muag tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog UV hluav taws xob. Cov tsom iav yuav tsum tau hnav kom tiv thaiv qhov muag los ntawm kev raug UV. Daus qhov muag tsis pom kev, lub npe hu ua photokeratitis, tshwm sim los ntawm UV-A thiab UV-B los ntawm daus, dej lossis xuab zeb.
Hauv kev tsim khoom, photokeratitis tshwm sim los ntawm saib ncaj qha ntawm lub teeb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm vuam thiab mus los ntawm cov npe ntawm arc-eye lossis welders flash.
Photokeratitis tuaj yeem ua rau pom kev tsis pom kev ib ntus, tab sis rov raug ntau dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab dig muag mus tas li.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev txwv ntawm UV-C raug tswj, IUVA xav kom peb tsis txhob raug UV-C kom tag.
Qhov Chaw Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Kab?
(Cov duab saib kev noj qab haus huv ntawm WHO.)
Lub hnub ci tiag tiag yuav tsis tiv thaiv COVID-19 kev sib kis, hais tias lub koom haum World Health Organization (WHO) tsis hais cov lus tsis meej. "Tso koj tus kheej kom tshav lossis qhov kub siab dua 25 C CEV TSIS tiv thaiv tus kabmob coronavirus (COVID-19)."
Tab sis UV Puas Tua Kab Mob. Nco ntsoov SODIS?
Hnub ci tshuaj tua kab (SODIS) dej hauv Indonesia siv ntshiab tsiaj PET yas haus lub raj mis. (Cov duab zoo siab ntawm SODIS Eawag.)
Lub tswv yim ntawm cov hnub ci tua neeg kom tua tau cov kab mob - txhua yam ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob, hu ua fungi thiab protozoa - tej zaum lawv tau khaws cov kua dej los ntawm lub hnub ci cov dej haus (SODIS). Tawm hauv cov dej tsis raug thiab siv tsis tau nyob rau hauv cov raj mis yas (polyethylene terephthalate, lossis PET) yog cov qauv yooj yim, pheej yig thiab siv tau cov dej haus tau kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov NGOs hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis tshua muaj kev kho dej ntau tab sis muaj hnub ci hluav taws xob ntau, xws li hauv Asia thiab Africa. SODIS muaj kev ua tiav zoo tiv thaiv cov kab mob, tshwj xeeb yog E. coli, tej zaum vim yog qhov phim cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm UV-A mus rau qhov loj ntawm cov kab mob.
