Puas yuav LCD thiab OLED hloov los ntawm Micro LED?
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm thev naus laus zis kom loj hlob tuaj, micro LED tseem yog ib qho kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom loj tiag tiag, thiab nws cov nqi tsim khoom loj yog tseem siab. Qhov tseeb, OLED kuj tau ntsib lub sijhawm no thaum ntxov xyoo. Txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm lub vijtsam loj ntawm OLED tseem siab dua li ntawm LCD, nws tau mus txog qhov ntau uas tuaj yeem lees txais los ntawm cov neeg siv hauv tsev. Raws li kev paub dhau los, raws li micro LED thev naus laus zis loj tuaj, puas yuav OLED thiab LCD (mini LED nyob rau hauv pawg LCD) hloov? Tej zaum cov lus teb tsis yooj yim.
Kev lag luam txhais cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv raws li qhov loj ntawm LED nti. Piv txwv li, thaum qhov loj ntawm LED nti yog tsawg dua 150μm, nws yog hu ua mini LED; thaum qhov loj ntawm LED nti yog tsawg dua 50μm, nws yog hu ua micro LED. Raws li qhov loj ntawm backlight LED chips ua me thiab me, cov qauv ntawm cov zaub vaj huam sib luag kuj hloov raws li.
Thaum qhov loj ntawm LED nti yog me me raws li qib pixel, txhua pixel sib raug rau micro LED nti. Txij li thaum lub micro LED tuaj yeem tso lub teeb los ntawm nws tus kheej, nws tuaj yeem tswj qhov ci, ci ntsa iab thiab xim. Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj ntsuam LCD, micro LED tuaj yeem txuag tau cov kua siv lead ua kua thiab lim qauv.
Lub vijtsam qauv ntawm micro LED yog ze rau ntawm OLED, thiab ob qho tib si muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm pixel tus kheej teeb pom kev zoo, cov qauv yooj yim thiab kev ua haujlwm siab luminous. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv lub neej ntawm micro LED yog ntau dua li ntawm OLED organic teeb-emitting diode, thiab nws qhov ruaj khov kuj tseem muaj zog.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm thev naus laus zis kom loj hlob tuaj, micro LED tseem yog ib qho kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom loj tiag tiag, thiab nws cov nqi tsim khoom loj yog tseem siab. Qhov tseeb, OLED kuj tau ntsib lub sijhawm no thaum ntxov xyoo. Txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm lub vijtsam loj ntawm OLED tseem siab dua li ntawm LCD, nws tau mus txog qhov ntau uas tuaj yeem lees txais los ntawm cov neeg siv hauv tsev.
Raws li kev paub dhau los, raws li micro LED thev naus laus zis loj tuaj, puas yuav OLED thiab LCD (mini LED nyob rau hauv pawg LCD) hloov? Tej zaum cov lus teb tsis yooj yim.
Micro LED tseem yog me ntsis deb ntawm kev tsim khoom loj
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum paub meej tias nws nyuaj rau siv micro LEDs rau cov vaj huam sib luag loj nyob rau theem pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Ib yam li OLED, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm micro LED vaj huam sib luag loj heev txwv los ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov nqi.
LED chips ua me me, thiab tus nqi coj los ntawm lawv yog ntau dua li txhua tus xav tau. Yog tias koj saib cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm micro LED, nws loj hlob los ntawm wafer thiab nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau xa mus rau lub dav hlau rov qab ntawm lub vijtsam. Yog hais tias qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm ib qho screen yog 1920x1080, tus naj npawb ntawm pixels ntawm lub vijtsam ntau tshaj 2 lab, thiab txhua pixel yog tsim los ntawm peb sub-pixels ntawm liab, ntsuab thiab xiav. Yog tias qhov no yog lub vijtsam micro LED, nws txhais tau tias muaj 6 lab micro LED chips ntawm lub vijtsam no.
Nrog rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem semiconductor niaj hnub no, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev loj hlob 6 lab micro LED chips ntawm wafer, tab sis qhov nyuaj yog hloov cov 6 lab micro LED chips mus rau lub nraub qaum. Kev lag luam hu cov txheej txheem hloov pauv no yog kev hloov pauv loj. Txawm hais tias lub high-end mini LED cov ntxaij vab tshaus ntawm kev ua lag luam, xws li 2021 iPad Pro 12.9", tsuas muaj 10, 000 mini LEDs nyob rau hauv lub backlight txheej. Yog li ntawd, huab hwm coj hloov yog ib qho teeb meem loj hauv micro LED manufacturing.
Cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam rau qhov teeb meem hloov loj. Ntawm lawv, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ob pawg yog: tag nrho-thooj hloov chaw thiab batch tuaj tos-thiab-qhov chaw (xaiv-thiab-qhov chaw). Tag nrho cov hloov pauv yog tsim nyog rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus me me, vim tias lub vijtsam vaj huam sib luag me me txaus, yog li tag nrho cov khoom tuaj yeem hloov pauv; thev naus laus zis ntawm kev xaiv thiab muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv yog qhov nyuaj dua, thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus loj tsuas tuaj yeem siv qhov kev daws teeb meem no kom ua tiav kev hloov pauv loj.
Kev hloov pauv loj tsis yog tib qho kev nyuaj hauv kev tsim cov micro LED vaj huam sib luag, tab sis nws yog lub pas dej uas txwv kev tsim cov micro LEDs nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus loj thiab me - tau kawg, qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm lub vijtsam loj tuaj yeem yog nyob ntawm tus nqi. Samsung thiab Sony thawj zaug pom micro LED loj-ntsuab TVs raug nqi ntau tshaj li ib lab nyiaj.
Ntawm cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis hauv xyoo tas los no, cov khoom lag luam micro LED tso tawm los ntawm cov tuam txhab tau dhau los ua cov tswv yim zoo. Nyob rau xyoo no SID Diplay Lub Limtiam, cov khoom siv micro LED tso tawm los ntawm Tianma Microelectronics, AUO, thiab Chitron Technology yog txhua tus tsom rau cov ntawv me me xws li tsheb dashboards thiab ntawv hluav taws xob. Tau kawg, txawm tias cov zaub yog daim ntawv thov loj-screen, qhov txiaj ntsig tam sim no tsis tau tsoo OLED / LCD.
Muaj cib fim nyob rau theem no: AR/VR, pob tshab npo, folding npo
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv zoo txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm micro LEDs nrog siab pixel ceev, siab ci, siab qhov sib txawv, thiab cov lus teb ceev. High pixel ceev, siab brightness thiab siab contrast yuav ho perceived los ntawm cov qauv. Hauv kev ua qauv qhia cov khoom lag luam yav dhau los, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tau pom cov duab nrog pixel ntom ntawm kaum tawm txhiab ppi (pixels ib nti).
Txij li thaum lub micro LED nti me me npaum li lub pixel, nws tuaj yeem pom qhov tseeb dub nrog ib lub pixel uas tsis tawm lub teeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov LEDs me me hauv micro LED qhia tau zoo dua hauv kev hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv photons, thiab micro LEDs ci dua OLEDs thiab LCDs; Raws li kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, micro LEDs tuaj yeem hloov ntawm qib nanosecond.
Vim muaj kev txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, micro LEDs tsuas yog tsim rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus me me thaum ntxov, piv txwv li, lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau AR / VR (augmented reality / virtual reality) daim ntawv thov, suav nrog cov tsom iav rau kev lom zem.
AR / VR cov kev xav tau rau cov duab ci ntsa iab, qhov sib piv, pixel ceev thiab cov lus teb yog ntau dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv xov tooj ntawm tes. Nws yog technically nyuaj rau LCD thiab OLED kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov. Ntau tus neeg tau txais kev pab tau tshaj tawm tias tam sim no AR / VR daim ntawv thov yog nquag kiv taub hau thiab tsis muaj immersion. Qhov tseeb, qhov no feem ntau txwv los ntawm kev siv tshuab nws tus kheej ntawm LCD thiab OLED. Daim ntawv thov ntawm micro LED hauv thaj tsam ntawm AR / VR tau kov yeej qhov teeb meem no. Tej zaum tus yuam sij rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm AR / VR yog nyob ntawm qhov kev tawg ntawm micro LED thev naus laus zis.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov miniaturization ntawm micro LED nti yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov yooj yim thiab pob tshab ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag. Chitron Technology tau ua kom pom qhov hloov tau yooj yim ntxiv rau pob tshab npo. "Slexible", "pob tshab" thiab "foldable" yog cov hotspots ntawm screen zaub technology nyob rau hauv ob lub xyoos dhau los, thiab rau qee qhov yog cov yuam sij rau kev ua tiav kev lag luam.
Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm "International Electronics Lag Luam" tau kawm los ntawm LED nti tuam txhab lag luam nce qib ntawm cov khoom siv vaj huam sib luag hais tias qhov kev thov thaum ntxov ntawm micro LED yuav tsom rau cov khoom siv coj los siv, AR, VR thiab cov khoom siv tsheb me me, uas yog ib qho laj thawj los ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm saib.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais tias txawm hais tias micro LED muaj ntau yam zoo dua li LCD / OLED, qee qhov zoo ntawm no tseem nyob rau theem theoretical. Ib tus neeg sawv cev ntau dua yog EQE (sab nraud quantum efficiency) - nws tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo li luminous efficiency. Piv nrog LCD, lub vijtsam qauv ntawm micro LED zaub tshem tawm cov kua siv lead ua kua, xim lim, thiab polarizer. Piv nrog rau OLED, nws tsis xav tau cov tshuab ntim khoom nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav, lub luminous efficiency ntawm micro LED zaub yog ntau dua li ob lub tom kawg.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov loj me me ntawm micro LEDs ua rau cov nti cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm phab ntsa - ib qho teeb meem engineering uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, yog li qhov tseeb EQE ntawm micro LEDs qis heev, thiab tej zaum yuav qis dua rau LCD thiab OLED. Lub hav zoov ntawm cov teebmeem sidewall kuj ua rau nws nyuaj dua rau micro LEDs los tsim cov ntawv thov loj-screen zoo tagnrho. Yog li ntawd, cov kev daws teeb meem micro LED tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam nyob deb ntawm kev xav txog qhov zoo ntawm micro LED nws tus kheej.
Ntxiv rau cov ntawv thov ntawm LCD / OLED
Ntau yam kev sib tw ntawm micro LED yog cov teeb meem nyuaj uas ntau tus neeg ua lag luam tab tom sim daws. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm micro LEDs kuj txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom lag luam cov khoom lag luam yav tom ntej. Lub miniaturization ntawm micro LEDs ntxiv tilts vaj huam sib luag tsim rau semiconductor technology.
Raws li ib qho piv txwv yooj yim, vim yog qhov miniaturization ntawm micro LEDs, lub backplane ib feem ntawm lub vijtsam zaub tau pib hloov pauv los ntawm amorphous silicon lossis kub kub polysilicon TFT (thin film transistor) mus rau CMOS technology. Tshwj xeeb, lub nraub qaum yog txheej txheej txheej siv los tswj lub teeb pom kev zoo, tua hluav taws, thiab qib grey ntawm txhua pixel. Piv nrog amorphous silicon thiab tsis tshua muaj kub polysilicon, ib leeg siv lead ua silicon muaj ntau dua crystalline zoo thiab hluav taws xob zog, thiab CMOS yog pib los ua ib qho kev xaiv. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem IC kev tsim khoom siv dav dav tuaj yeem siv los tsim lub nraub qaum, uas yog ib qho zoo kawg nkaus tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam zaub thiab kev lag luam semiconductor.
CMOS yog txwv rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus me me. CMOS tseem ntsib teeb meem nqi thaum tsim cov ntxaij vab tshaus loj. Yog li ntawd, amorphous silicon thiab tsis tshua muaj kub polysilicon TFTs tseem tsim nyog technologies rau loj-screen micro LED fabrication.
Kev soj ntsuam thaum ntxov ntawm micro LEDs los ntawm Hendy Consulting qhia tias tej zaum yuav muaj nuj nqis hloov hauv micro LED cov saw hlau. Qhov no yog txiav txim los ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv technical. Raws li micro LEDs maj mam txav mus ze rau IC kev tsim khoom, nws nyuaj rau cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tuam txhab vaj huam sib luag.
Nws cia siab tias yuav muaj plaub txoj hauv kev rau yav tom ntej kev lag luam saw: thawj yog cov tsoos zaub kev lag luam players (xws li Samsung, LG, BOE) tseem nyob hauv nruab nrab, tab sis tus nqi yuav diluted; Qhov thib ob yog tias cov tuam txhab lag luam muaj peev xwm sib koom ua ke ntsug, Piv txwv li, LuxVue tau los ntawm Apple thiab Glo AB nqis peev los ntawm Google yuav tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv micro LED ntiaj teb; Qhov thib peb yog cov qauv ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam tshiab, thiab kev lag luam tus nqi yuav raug xa mus rau LED nti manufacturers, semiconductor manufacturers thiab tus tuav IP tseem ceeb. Kev lag luam (lossis kev koom tes ntau pawg) hloov chaw; Qhov thib plaub yog tias micro LED yuav tsis dhau los ua lub ntsiab ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam hauv Suav teb av loj, Taiwan, thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb hauv ob xyoos dhau los, kev nqis peev hauv micro LEDs tau nce rau ntawm qhov loj, thiab cov tuam txhab sab saud thiab qis hauv kev lag luam saw tseem koom tes nrog. Ua ntej xyoo 2018, cov neeg ua lag luam ntawm micro LED tau muaj kev ywj pheej, thiab cov tuam txhab sib txawv muaj cov lus qhia sib txawv, thiab cov lus qhia kev sib txawv heev.
Xav txog tias micro LED kev tsim tshuab yuav tsum tau ua daim ntawv thov-oriented los kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom - qhov no txawv ntawm LCD / OLED. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ywj pheej tsis yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev lag luam kev loj hlob ntawm micro LED, thiab muaj cov kev qhia sib txawv thiab tsis muaj cov qauv siv rau qee hom kev siv tshuab, uas tsuas yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam nyob rau theem pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Pib xyoo 2020, tau muaj kev koom tes ntau hauv kev lag luam, uas yog lub cim qhia tias micro LED tau loj hlob.
Lub lag luam variables yog loj heev. Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm "International Electronic Business" ntseeg tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm Hendy Consulting tej zaum yuav yooj yim heev. Hauv peb lub tswv yim, tsis yog tsuas yog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev nqis peev hauv kev lag luam thiab kev koom tes sib koom ua ke yav dhau los 1-2 xyoo, tab sis kuj tseem muaj peev xwm txhim kho mus sij hawm ntev ntawm micro LEDs yav tom ntej.
Ib yam li OLED tsis tau hloov tag nrho LCD yav dhau los, raws li kev siv tshuab nrog kev txhim kho muaj peev xwm hauv cov ntxaij vab tshaus me me thiab AR / VR nyob rau theem pib, micro LED feem ntau yuav koom nrog OLED thiab LCD rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nws tsuas yog hais tias daim ntawv thov cov lus qhia ntawm peb qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, micro LED tsom rau lub vijtsam me me thiab AR / VR kev ua lag luam, thiab noj ib feem ntawm tus nqi ntawm OLED thiab LCD hauv kev ua lag luam siab. Txawm hais tias kev lag luam loj ntawm OLED thiab LCD yuav poob qis, peb yuav tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev ua lag luam, tsis yog micro LED hloov OLED lossis LCD.
